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Ward & Rafter, LLP

Insights & News

Legal updates, case analysis, and practical guidance from Ward & Rafter

Disclaimer: The articles on this page are for general informational purposes only and do not constitute legal advice. Reading these articles does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and Ward & Rafter, LLP. Every legal matter is unique, and the information provided may not apply to your specific situation. You should not act or refrain from acting based on any information on this website without first consulting a licensed attorney. If you have a legal question, please contact us to discuss your matter.

Condominium & HOA Law

June 2, 2026

Local Law 97 Is Now in Effect: What NYC Condo and Co-op Boards Need to Know

NYC's most ambitious building emissions law has moved from planning to active penalty enforcement. Fines of $268 per metric ton are now being assessed, and many boards may not realize they are already on the hook for 2026 filings.

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June 2, 2026

The Limits of Board Fining Authority: Why Arbitrary Fines Often Cannot Be Collected

Board fining authority is real, but it is not unlimited. Under New York case law, fines that are arbitrary, disproportionate, or imposed without proper process are often unenforceable, which means boards that fine carelessly may not be able to collect at all. Here is what every board needs to understand before issuing a fine.

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May 8, 2026

Collecting Unpaid Common Charges and Assessments: What Condo and HOA Boards Need to Know

Unpaid common charges and assessments strain budgets and create legal obligations for boards that many are not aware of. Most governing documents require boards to act once a delinquency reaches a certain age. Here is what condo and HOA boards need to know about Small Claims Court, Civil Court, and why legal counsel matters at every step.

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Landlord-Tenant Law

June 2, 2026

NYC Rent Freeze on the Horizon: What Landlords of Rent-Stabilized Buildings Need to Watch

The NYC Rent Guidelines Board is heading toward a June 2026 final vote that could result in a 0% increase on lease renewals for nearly one million rent-stabilized apartments. Here is what landlords need to understand before that vote comes down.

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May 25, 2026

Good Cause Eviction Law: What NYC Landlords Must Know Two Years In

Two years in, New York's Good Cause Eviction Law is producing real Housing Court decisions with real consequences for landlords. Defective notices and boilerplate pleadings are getting cases dismissed before they reach the merits. Here is what every NYC landlord needs to know.

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Complex Litigation & Trial Practice

May 19, 2026

When Insurance Companies Underpay: How New York Auto Body Shops Are Fighting Back in Court

New York's General Business Law Section 349 gives auto body shops a powerful tool against insurers who systematically underpay repair claims. A series of Staten Island cases shows how the theory works and what shops need to know to pursue it.

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Real Estate

June 2, 2026

When Ownership Is Challenged: Title Fraud, Deed Disputes, and Real Estate Litigation in New York

A fraudulent deed transfer or undiscovered title defect can unravel a property owner's rights overnight. Learn how these disputes arise in New York, what a quiet title action involves, and why timing matters when ownership is challenged.

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May 27, 2026

When Co-Owners Can't Agree: Partition Actions and Property Disputes in New York

Co-owning property in New York can start with the best intentions. But when co-owners disagree on whether to sell, hold, or manage a property, the courts may be the only way forward. Here is what a partition action looks like and when it becomes necessary.

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Environmental Law & Land Use

June 1, 2026

New York's Environmental Justice Law Is Now in Effect: What It Means for Overburdened Communities

New York's Environmental Justice Siting Law takes effect June 12, 2026, requiring agencies to evaluate pollution burdens on overburdened communities before approving new projects. Nearly half of NYC's census tracts qualify as Disadvantaged Communities. Here is what the law means for residents and what legal options exist when the damage is already done.

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May 25, 2026

Long Island's Forever Chemical Crisis: What Residents Need to Know About PFAS Contamination

Long Island relies on a single underground aquifer for its entire water supply, and that aquifer is contaminated with PFAS forever chemicals linked to cancer and serious illness. A new wave of lawsuits filed in 2026 is raising urgent questions about accountability. Here is what residents need to know.

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